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학위논문 동서

韓國 使行詩 硏究:14세기-17세기를 중심으로

엄경흠

부산: 동아대학교 1993. -

184장; 27cm. -

학위논문(박사)- 동아대학교 대학원 국어국문학과 94년2월

영문초록 : This gaper concerns itself with the envoy poetry(使行詩) written by the diplomats sent to Ming(明), China and to Japan(日本) in the 14th~17th century. The poems cover various contents, such as exotic scenery, situation and customs as well as diplomatic proposals witnessed as royal messengers. A kind of envoy travelogue was first formed in the late Koryo dynasty by the mission to Ming, developing into th so-called envoy Kasa(使行歌辭) by the foreign officials to Ch'ing(淸) and Japan in the later periods. Thus the envoy literature (使行文學) went through 3 stages of beginning development, and enlargement. Envoy poems discussed here can be examined from two angles:personal experience and diplomatic mission. First, in terms of a writer's own experience, we can find three features. To begin with, private feelings about the passed heroes at famous historic relics are noticed. The envoy-writers tended to regard history net as the stuff of a direct or indirect admonition, but as the device for praising or consoling the late figures. They could revalue each historic VIP not from an indirect theoretical assessment but from a direct vivid tour to the well-known spots. These poems about historic sites appear more in Chinese envoys than in Japanese ones, probably owing to the difference of their viewpoints to see each countury's history. In addition, the reality of each foreign country is faithfully depictd. As for the envoys to the Ming dynasty, they successfully revealed the sociopolitical upheavals in each period. The poems represented early Ming as a peaceful and unified power with full trust and expectation, mid-Ming as a sharp contrast of corrupt government officials and hungry rural people, and late Ming as a crisis resulted from the uprise of Ch'ing forces. In particular, the poetry dealing with the late Ming dynasty was based on two different standpoints; one believing in Ming's potential energy to rise once again, and the other worrying Ch'ing's increasing power. On the other hand, those envoys to Japan usually portrayed and criticized its political reality against the typical political form in the Orient. The third feature i s the candid expression of their itineraries. The envoys, full of sorrow of leaving and expectation for foreign travel, appeared humble and human in their poetic words dealing with their unavoidable suffering and loneliness. Second, in terms of their diplomatic role, the envoys wanted to facilitate their purpose with the aid of poetry, That is, their literary talent was fully shown in the meetings with the emperor and officials by responding with a rhymed poem, sharing poetry, and composing a poem at royal command. In the case of Japanese envoy poems, many poems were exchanged between Korean diplomats and Japanese Buddhist monks, maybe because they were most intelligent and had a great influence on overall Japanese society at that time Therefore, the following intentions possibly lay behind the envoy poetry. First, the envoys; hoped to help their people clearly understand various aspects of foreign countries. Second, they utilized the political and diplomatic effect of poetry to settle political issues swiftly and smoothly,, Third, the poems also acted as their own data or diaries to get over their loneliness or suffering in a foreign country. Among the typical composition methods are sharing poems(唱酎), rhyming in response(和韻), and improvisation(口占). The first way was usually employed for a diplomatic purpose and at the cost of their mental pressure, while the second was adopted not just in diplomatic meetings but also in friendly gatherings among Korean delegates by freely making use of the popular rhymes of old poets. The third method was mainly for the fluent depiction of personal lyrical feelings or exotic scenery. The envoy were all equipped with these composition methods and they were natural poets to that extent. As they wanted to portray new customs and scenes in addition to their own experiences clearly and rightly so that their fellow countrymen would understand them easily without a foreign tour their poetry showed a realistic technique. Also, since poetry composition was a must to the fulfillment of their diplomatic mission, the envoy poems mostly took on the charateristics of the so-called governmental poetry, full of gorgeous and elegant expressions of praise and celeberation. What cannot be missed, however, is the strong tendency of the poems to soothe and console the common suffering of the envoys themselves. In conclusion, the envoy poetry was a group of poems displaying the candid expression of human feelings and the efficiency accompanied by the envoys diplomatic esponsibilities as well. Those works composed in the 14th~17th century served a s an example to the envoy literature in the later periods, particularly having an influence o n the envoy Kasa characterized with a real report and peronal emotionality. On the basis of the result of this paper, further research and evaluation will have to follow concerning the proper place of the envoy literature in Korea's literary history.

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