Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are highly susceptible to viral infections, while also exhibiting a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19. Recent studies have demonstrated a suboptimal humoral response to current COVID-19 vaccines in this cohort, necessitating multiple vaccine doses. Nevertheless, low rates of seroconversion have been observed even after booster vaccinations, highlighting the need for the in-depth characterization of both humoral and cellular immune responses towards the development of innovative and effective immunoprophylactic strategies tailored for KTRs.