In view of the traditional Threat Assessment (TA) evaluation model can only consider a single threat target, and the accuracy of threat evaluation is poor, the application effect of improved CNN algorithm in Ta evaluation model is studied. This paper proposes a TA evaluation model based on the improved Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) algorithm. The model uses the powerful feature extraction ability of convolutional neural network, adopts the concept of dual channel neuron, improves the structure of convolutional neural network, and reduces the number of network parameters and obtains the target classification features with multiple markers on the basis of retaining the full connection layer. On this basis, fuzzy mathematics is used to quantitatively describe the classification features of multi marker targets, to define the weight value of each feature of targets, and to evaluate the threat degree of multiple targets by Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The simulation results show that the model has fast convergence speed and accurate threat prediction ability, and can accurately obtain the threat ranking of multiple targets.