We present the first details of nesting sites, eggs, and chicks of the Pygmy Nightjar (Nyctipolus hirundinaceus), a small nocturnal bird endemic to northeastern Brazil. We conducted behavioral observations near Curaçá in northern Bahia, and at Potengí, southern Ceará, both located in the heart of the Brazilian Caatinga. We found four ‘nests’ in Bahia and another fve in Ceará. In all cases, a single egg was laid, and only the females took care of the chick during the day. Pygmy Nightjars in both places bred mostly during the rainy season, as do most of the bird species in the region. By gathering breeding data from throughout the species distribution, we observed that although most populations (c. 75 %) breed during the rainy season, some populations of the race cearae also seem to breed during the dry season.