In this paper, Ag/TiO2 composites with different Ag doping ratios (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%) were prepared by a one-pot solvothermal method without post calcination. Glycine promoted the formation of rod-like TiO2 growing along the (101) plane and introduced Ag nanoparticles (NPS) onto the surface of TiO2. A series of characterization tests, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption measurement, and electrochemical measurements were employed. The measurements confirmed that the formed Ag/TiO2 nanorod composite with 1% Ag loading ratio (Ag/TiO2-1), consisting of length up to 22 nm and Ag nanoparticles (NPS) with a diameter of about 5.5 nm, had an appropriate energy band gap of 2.95 eV and a large specific surface area of 158.3 m2/g, which shows that the Ag/TiO2-1 has abundant photocatalytic active sites to increase its visible-light absorption ability. The Ag/TiO2-1 sample has the highest photocatalytic efficiency, with up to 95% and 98% degradation for tetracycline (TC) and Rhodamine B (RhB), respectively, in 25 min under simulated solar light. After the sixth cycle experiment, Ag/TiO2-1 still maintained 94% and 95% degradation of TC and RhB, respectively. The trapping active species experiment confirmed that the hole (h+) and superoxide radical ·O2- are the main active species. This work has practical significance for the simultaneous study of the photocatalysis of Ag/TiO2 composites for dyes (RhB) and antibiotics (TC).