BACKGROUND:: Rabbit bone defect model is widely used in the researches of bone substitute materials. The difficulty of decalcification is common in the experiments of rabbit bone defect models because of normal decalcification and slicing procedure before observation. OBJECTIVE:: In current study, a composite decalcification solution was attempted to solve the problem. METHODS:: Twelve rabbit femoral condyle specimens were divided into test and control groups randomly. A composite decalcification solution (8 mL hydrochloric acid, 10 mL formic acid, 5 mL acetic acid, and 100 mL neutral formalin fixation solution) and a common formic acid were used to treat the specimens under normal temperature. After the 1-week decalcification process, the specimens were dehydrated, embedded, sliced and dyed. The ratio of intact slices was compared. The quality and micro structure of the slices were observed. And the cost of two decalcification solutions was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:: The intact ratio of slices was significantly improved in test group (74% versus 18%, P < 0.05). The dying quality was good with a clear background, and micro structures were all preserved well and indicated clearly. The contrast between different tissues was obvious. The cost of the decalcification solution was decreased by 65%. These findings indicate that the composite decalcification solution can solve the difficulty in the decalcification of rabbit bone defect repairing models effectively and the solution is convenient and advantageous in cost, which is beneficial for spreading the applications.(Figure is included in full-text article.)