Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the influence of self-esteem and social support on self-care agency among people with mental disabilities. Methods: Data was collected from 231 people with mental disabilities by self-reported questionnaires consisted of self-esteem, social support, and self-care agency from September 26 to October 6, 2017. The SPSS 19.0 Window program was used for descriptive statistics, Pearson s corrleational coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The average score of self-esteem, social support, and self-care agency was 2.81, 3.95, and 3.32 respectively. There were positive correlations among self-esteem, social support, and self-care agency. These variables together explained 54% of the self-care agency in people with mental disabilities. Therefore, a program to promote self-esteem is needed to enhance the self-care agency of the people with mental disabilities and various approaches are needed to enhance their family support