Purpose: This study examined the impact of self-esteem and social support on self-care performance of liver transplantation recipients. Methods: In this correlational study, 101 recipients were recruited from a general hospital-affiliated outpatient clinic using a convenience sampling. Participants were asked to administer questionnaires of the self-esteem, the social support, and self-care performance. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical linear regression. Results: Self-care performance of patients with liver transplantation was significantly different by gender, age, education level, and support group meeting. After controlling for these covariates, social support significantly influenced on self-care performance (β=.25, p=.010, adjusted R 2 .=.058). Conclusion: Social support from medical team and family members is a critical factor to promote self-care performance level for liver transplantation recipients.