This dissertation consists of three sub-studies. We firstly quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the characteristics and evolution of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China, including the fields of industrial and regional structure, investment forms, sources and related policies, both nation-wide and region-wide. Then we investigate the impact of FDI both on industry’s total output and domestic investment’s output, based on cross-sectors evidences covering 34 industrial sectors and period of 2003-2016, using pooled LS regression, FE/RE model and system GMM simultaneously. In addition to the whole sample, we classify and estimate 6 sub-samples, by using dummy variables, to consider similar levels of industrial sector’s characteristics and their development levels. The classifications are, capital-intensive and capital intensive sectors, high ratio and low ratio of foreign capital sectors, and fastest growing in output and FDI inflows sectors. Finally, we empirically study the impact of FDI on China’s export commodity structure change, using time series data covering the period from 1983-2916. In the estimation, we employ Toda-Yamamoto Granger Causality test + ARDL bounds test approach to determine the causality direct, deal with the mixture of stable and unstable variables and investigate the long-run and short-run relationships between FDI and export structure change. Our empirical investigation suggests that FDI contributes to the sectors’ the total and yields significant positive externalities on the domestics enterprises in almost all the specifications. In particular, labor-intensive and high-FDI-ratio sectors are more benefited from foreign investment. We also find that FDI and real effective exchange rate contribute to the commodities’ structure change in China’s export in the long run, whereas no significant evidence in the short run, without model specifications. Combined with the first research, we provide several policy implications.