중국은행의 상업화 개혁을 기반에 두고 은행의 수익능력, 리스크 관리 능력을 종합적으로 고려하여 은행의 총자산, 정직원수 및 납입자본 3개 변수를 투입지표로 저축성 예금과 이익 2개 변수를 산출지표로 선택하며 자료포락기법(DEA)을 이용해 중국14개 은행의 효율성을 수치적으로 계산하고 분석하였다.14개 중국의 상업은행 중에서 국유상업은행의 효율성은 주식제 은행보다 낮으며 중국국유상업은행의 평균 효율성은 주식제 은행의 절반 정도의 수준에 불과하다. 그 중에서도 중신실업은행(CITIC Industrial Bank), 중국광대은행(China Everbinght Bank),중국민생은행(China Minsheng Banking Corporation) 및 상해부둥발전은행(Shanghai Pudong Development Bank)의 효율성 가장 높고, 중국농업은행(Agricultural Bank China)은 14개 은행 중에서 효율성이 가장 낮으며 교통은행(Bank of Communications)은 시중은행 중에서 효율성이 제일 낮다.그러나 중국은행 및 국유상업은행의 구조조정에 따라 대부분의 중국상업은행들은 중국 국내 및 홍콩 주식시장에 상장되었으며 경영효율성도 점차 높아지고 있다. 특히 국유상업은행인 중국은행(Bank of China) 및 중국건설은행(China Construcyion Bank)은 2003년과 2004년 동안 중국 본토A시장이나 홍콩H시장에 상장되었기 때문에 경영효율성의 제고에 촉진 효과가 있다.
The objectives of this study are: firstly, to explore the commercial banks’ efficiency; Secondly, this study applies the system model employing DEA approach to compare the efficiency between the two groups; the ownership of commercial banks and the larger ones in terms of its asset size, employees, paid capital. Using a non-parametric technique for data from 1999 to 2005, we investigated efficiency of 14 Chinese commercial banks. We examined the influence according to ownership type.Findings from this papers shows that the efficiency of Chinese commercial banks has increased, which equity-based banks were more efficient than the rest. However, it was found that the state-owned banks were inefficient. In 2005, average efficiency of state-owned banks was 0.44. On the other hand, average efficiency of equity-based banks was 0.92. Our findings are consistent with prior findings regarding on ownership and efficiency: equity-based banks appear to be more efficient than state-owned banks.These and other results suggest that there is the need for speedy reforms to open up the banking industry and to improve financial risk management, minimize government's capital subsidy and diversify ownership structure of Chinese banks. Through this study, we hope that its finding scan help bank managers and governors to understand their bank’s efficiency and the reason of inefficiency. We also hope that this study can give some contributions to improve present level of efficiency in efficiency of the Chinese commercial banks.