To explore the axial compression performance of high-strength recycled concrete-fi lled steel tube (RCFST) column in corrosive environments, ten high-strength RCFST columns with diff erent wall thicknesses of steel tube and corrosion degrees and two ordinary concrete-fi lled steel tube (CFST) columns were designed. Subsequently, an axial compression test was carried out on these specimens to obtain the load–displacement curve, skeleton curve, and rigidity degeneration curve. The stress process, failure morphology, characteristic load, and characteristic displacement were analyzed. According to the research fi ndings, the steel tube at the end of each specimen bulges. With increasing load, buckling occurs in the middle region, and the core concrete is crushed. The higher the corrosion degree of a specimen, the more obvious the buckling on its surface. The corrosion of a steel tube signifi cantly aff ects the initial stiff ness of high-strength RCFST column, which results in a signifi cant decline in its bearing capacity and stiff ness. An increase in the wall thickness of steel tubes can enhance the bearing capacity of a specimen. The ultimate balance theory was used to derive the calculation formula for the bearing capacity of each specimen, and the eff ects of diff erent lateral pressure coeffi cients on the results were compared and analyzed. Reasonable values were obtained by comparing with the experimental results. The software ABAQUS was used to establish a fi nite element numerical analysis model, and the damage deformation and load–displacement curves of each specimen were obtained. The analysis and comparison of the results obtained by the model and the obtained results verify the accuracy of the fi nite element analysis model.