This study identified to determine how social capital within service organizations effect the emotional labor of service providers and what psychological processes are performed. Based on previous studies, person-organization fit from the cognitive aspect and emotional exhaustion from the emotional aspect of the service providers were examined as psychological processes that occur between social capital and emotional labor. Specifically, it was predicted that the social capital of service organizations would increase person-organization fit and reduce emotional exhaustion of service providers, thereby influencing surface acting and deep acting in this study. For this purpose, data were collected from nutritionists who interact with customers at food service management companies in Busan and Gyeongnam. As results of the hypotheses analysis, social capital increased person-organization fit, while decreasing emotional exhaustion. Additionally, it was confirmed that person-organization fit reduces emotional exhaustion. Regarding the influence of emotional exhaustion on emotional labor, surface acting was found to increase due to emotional exhaustion, while deep acting was found to decrease. Lastly, it was confirmed that social capital serially mediates the psychological state of improved person-organization fit and lowered emotional exhaustion, thereby reducing surface acting and increasing deep acting.