This study was designed to confirm the efficiency of public sports facilities using Data Enclosure Analysis (DEA) and to verify the relationship between the efficiency of public sports facilities and the level of physical activity. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 2020 public facility operation data (public facilities managed and operated by local governments) and community health survey data provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were selected as research subjects. Facility area, management personnel, and operating cost were selected as input variables for DEA, and calculation variables were selected as the number of users and operating income. Obesity was finally adopted as a variable that can prove the level of physical activity in order to verify the relationship between the efficiency of public sports facilities and the level of physical activity. The main conclusions from the derived research results are as follows. First, when evaluating the efficiency of public sports facilities by city and province through data inclusion analysis, Gwangju Metropolitan City, Seoul Metropolitan City, Busan Metropolitan City, and Ulsan Metropolitan City show excellent efficiency in the order. Second, Gwangju Metropolitan City is an excellent benchmarking local government that receives 12 references from other cities. Third, when a comprehensive evaluation is conducted based on the relationship between the efficiency ranking and the physical activity ranking by DEA, the lower the efficiency of public sports facilities, the higher the obesity rate in the region.