数据作为一种新型生产要素, 已经成为五大生产要素之一。 随着互联网、 大数据、 云计算、 人工 智能、 区块链等数字技术的不断创新, 推动数据要素价值的发挥也成为了各国数字经济发展的焦 点。 数据的价值在流动中释放, 互联互通是数据市场化发展的必然选择。 通过对中国的数据治理相 关立法、 政策和司法执法实践的梳理分析, 可以看出中国当前的数据治理存在数据基础制度不完 善、 企业数据的权益保护与开放流通不平衡两大问题, 导致与真正的数据互联互通仍然存在一段距 离。 因此, 应从夯实数据相关基础制度构建、 平衡企业数据的权益保护与开放流通这两方面出发: 实行多元数据产权制度; 细化数据分类分级, 厘定互联互通边界; 建立全国统一的数据市场立法; 引入事前监管工具; 提升监管手段; 细化和完善《反垄断法》、 《反不正当竞争法》; 多元主体合作共 治,实现企业数据积极开放流通, 从而最大限度的发挥数据要素价值, 促进数据高效流通使用,赋能 实体经济。
As a new factor of production, data has become one of the five major factors of production. With the continuous innovation of digital technologies such as the Internet, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain, Promoting the value of data elements has also become the focus of the development of digital economy in various countries. The value of data is released in the flow, and interconnection is an inevitable choice for the development of data marketization. Through the analysis of China 's data governance-related legislation, policies and judicial law enforcement practices, it can be seen that China 's current data governance has two major problems: the imperfect date base system, the imbalance between the protection of the rights and interests of enterprise data and the open circulation, resulting in a certain distance from the real data interconnection. Therefore, we should consolidate the construction of data-related basic system, and balance the rights protection and open circulation of enterprise data: implementing a multi-data property rights system; refining data classification and grading, and determining the boundary of interconnection; establishing a unified legislation of national data market; introducing ex ante regulatory tools; improving regulatory means; refining and improving the ‘anti-monopoly law ‘and’ anti-unfair competition law‘ ; the cooperation and co-governance of multiple subjects to realize the active open circulation of enterprise data, so as to maximize the value of data elements, promote the efficient circulation and use of data, empower the real economy.