This study classified groups according to career barrier perception, explored factors affecting each group, and examined differences in career determination according to each categorized group to reduce career barriers and enhance career decisions that serve as obstacles in the career decision-making process of multicultural adolescents. For this study, the eighth dataset of the Multicultural Adolescent Panel Survey of the National Youth Policy Institute was used. Latent profile analysis was performed to classify latent groups for career barrier perception, and a multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore influencing factors based on the latent group. A cross-analysis was conducted to identify the differences in career determination according to the latent group. Major findings were as follows: first, the latent group for career barrier perception was divided into four groups: lowest- to low-career barrier perception group, middle-career barrier perception group, high-career barrier perception group, and highest-career barrier perception group. Second, among the factors affecting the career barrier perception groups, self-esteem and achievement motivation were found to lower career barrier perception, while high school type and the mother’s country of origin and career-related behavior were deeply affected. The accepting attitude of Korean culture, which is a sub-factor of bicultural acceptance, was partially meaningful, but foreign culture acceptance attitude, gender, and household income did not affect career barriers. Third and last, for career determination after high school for the latent group, the lower the level of awareness of career barriers, the lower the level of career indecision, and the highest percentage of all groups chose to attend domestic universities. Therefore, this study suggested ways to recognize the importance of psychological factors and actively utilize bicultural factors to lower career barriers for multicultural adolescents and enhance adaptive career development and decisions.