Michel Foucault, philosopher and historian, left outstanding achievements as a scholar. But he was also a passionate social activist. He was not only focused on theoretical studies, but also a social participatory intellectual who go into the field and wanted to bring about changes in reality. Foucault's theoretical studies were not conducted separately from his social activities and were always closely linked to the 'present time'. His signature work, Discipline and Punish is also a work in which his activities as a prisoner human rights activist are the main background of his writing. This paper examines the specific process from Foucault's prisoner human rights movement to Discipline and Punish. Foucault organized the GIP(Le Groupe d'information sur les prisons) and launched the Prisoner Human Rights Movement. The GIP was an organization created with the aim of collecting information on what was happening in prisons and disclosing it. The GIP has sparked social interest in prison and the rights of prisoners, and has created many social activist groups that have been influenced by the way they operate. Above all, the GIP helped the prisoners themselves recognize and demand their rights. Discipline and Punish led to the discussion of prison and punishment at various levels including history, philosophy, politics, anthropology, sociology, and ect. The opinions of scholars who affirm or criticize Foucault's theory have been actively followed, resulting in a variety of rich discourses on prison and punishments.