在推动司法智能化升级的进程中,为了实现裁判效果从“看得见的正义”——“说得出 的正义”——“可接受的正义”的转变,中国最高人民法院提出以类案检索制度为基础、 以类脑智能技术为支撑的法律适用新模式. 然而,因欠缺与类案大数据适配的法律方法 论革新,法官仍基于案例小数据进行法律发现和释法说理,而基于案例大数据所提炼出 的法律共同体的智慧难以从法律方法层面对法官心证形成实质影响,致使类案检索制度 沦为“鸡肋”. 为了从根本上扭转当下法律发现方法不明朗、类案检索制度实效不彰等问 题,急需激发案例大数据的技术潜能,通过底层思维范式转变,建构一种全新的法律发 现模式,进而全面释放类案检索制度的效能. 本文秉持“技术-制度协同演化”的研究理念, 沿循“What(新型法律发现的意涵)-Why(新型法律发现的价值)-How(新型法律发现 的实现)”进路,通过两大法系法律发现的原理比较、司法规范性文件的实证分析等方 法展开论述. 新型法律发现模式是以类案检索制度为依托,借助案例大数据实现类案智 能化识别后,经由类型比较提取类案的“公因式”,进而通过抽象规范与待决案件事实的 双向沟通,在抽象规范语义射程范围内实现具象规范定型化的过程. 这种模式有利于统 一法律适用标准、促成类案同判. 为了推行这种模式,提高法律发现的智能化水平,类 案检索报告制作主体应当从“法官单兵作战”向“法官+法官助理+律师协同出击”转变,在 减少不必要的启动条件限制后,针对全部生效案件开展检索,将类案相似性判断过程纳 入类案检索报告的呈现内容,并以“类案相似度”为主、“效力高低”为辅进行类案排序.
In the process of promoting the upgrading of judicial intelligence, in order to realize the transformation of the effect of adjudication from “visible justice”―“expressing justice”― “acceptable justice”, the Supreme People’s Court of China proposed a new model of legal application based on the “retrieve system for similar cases” and supported by “brain-like intelligence technology”. However, due to the lack of innovation in legal methodology adapted to the big data of similar cases, judges still make legal discovery and “legal interpretation and reasoning” based on the small data. However, the wisdom of the legal community extracted on the basis of big data is difficult to have a substantial impact on the judge’s testimony from the level of legal methods. This makes the retrieval system of similar cases into a “chicken rib”. In order to fundamentally reverse the current problems of unclear methods of legal discovery and the ineffectiveness of the retrieval system for similar cases, it is urgent to stimulate the potential of big data technology. That is to say, through the transformation of the underlying thinking paradigm, a new mode of legal discovery is constructed, and then the efficiency of the retrieval system for similar cases is fully released. This paper adheres to the theory of “technology-institutional co-evolution” and follows the approach of “What (meaning of new legal discovery)-Why (value of new legal discovery)-How (implementation of new legal discovery)”. At the same time, this paper adopts the research methods such as the comparison of the principles of legal discovery in the two legal systems and the empirical analysis of the normative documents of the judiciary. The new model of legal discovery is based on the retrieval system of similar cases. After realizing the intelligent identification of similar cases with the help of big data, the “common factors” of similar cases are extracted through the comparison of types. Then, through the two-way communication between the abstract norm and the pending facts, the process realizes the finalization of specific specifications within the scope of the semantic range of the abstract norm. This model is conducive to unifying the standards for the application of the law and facilitates the same judgment in similar cases. In order to implement this model and improve the level of intellectualization in legal discovery, the main body of the retrieval report for similar cases should be changed from “the judge's individual combat” to “the coordinated attack of the judge + judge's assistant + lawyer”. After reducing unnecessary restrictions on starting conditions, the search is carried out for all valid cases. Next, the process of judging the similarity of similar cases is included in the presentation content of the retrieval report of similar cases. At the same time, the ranking of similar cases is based on “similarity of similar cases”, supplemented by “level of effectiveness”.