日本福岛核污水排放入海,将严重威胁海洋生态安全与人类生命健康. 面对各方施 压,日本出于防止声誉受损等考虑设置了排海缓冲期限,并邀请了国际原子能机构和其 他监管部门予以考察、监视. 但现有国际司法机制能否成为阻止并惩治日本政府此种不 负责任决定的有效工具、能否阻止其后续行动,还需在对现有的国际法原则及义务、相 关条约规范、国家责任制度、以及争端解决机制等一系列实体和程序问题进行考量的基 础上,结合国际司法实践加以评估. 本文以司法解决为视角展开研究,意在探寻各司法 救济方案在处理日本核污水排海事件上的可行性,在此基础上对判决结果作出预测,以 此尝试提出应对该事件的有效方案. 日本核污水排海威胁全球公共安全,其解决也必然 需要依靠国际合作. 中韩作为日本邻国,在反对核污水排放问题上一直态度积极且明确, 两国均在政治外交、法律、舆论等方面采取了应对措施. 适逢中韩建交30周年,两国在 福岛核污水排放问题上具有共同的合作目标与合作意愿,在取证、谈判、监督、司法诉 讼等方面具备广泛的合作空间. 两国间开展交流合作可带动周边国家共同应对核污水带 来的影响与危害,并对全球各国、各相关机构的维权、申诉、赔偿等举措起到推进和领 导作用,这些都将对海洋环境保护和人类命运共同体建设发挥重要意义.
Japan discharged Fukushima contaminated water into the sea, which will seriously threaten marine ecological safety and human life and health. In the face of pressure from all sides, Japan has set a buffer period for the discharge to prevent damage to its reputation, and invited the International Atomic Energy Agency and other regulatory authorities to inspect and monitor it. However, whether the existing international judicial mechanism can serve as an effective tool to curb and punish such an irresponsible decision of the Japanese government and prevent its subsequent actions needs to be evaluated in the light of the existing principles and obligations of international law, relevant treaty norms, state responsibility system, and dispute settlement mechanism, and other substantive and procedural issues, as well as international judicial practice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the feasibility of various judicial remedies in dealing with the Japanese nuclear effluent discharge incident from the perspective of judicial settlement and to predict the outcome of the judgment, as a basis for trying to propose the most effective way to deal with the incident. Japan's nuclear effluent discharge threatens global public safety, and its solution must rely on international cooperation. As neighbors of Japan, China and South Korea have been active and clear in opposing the issue of nuclear effluent discharge, and both countries have taken measures in political, diplomatic, legal and public opinion aspects. On the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea, the two countries have a common goal and willingness to cooperate on the issue of Fukushima nuclear sewage discharge, and there is extensive room for cooperation in evidence collection, negotiation, supervision, judicial proceedings and other aspects. The exchange and cooperation between the two countries can lead the neighboring countries to deal with the impact and harm caused by the nuclear effluent, and promote and lead the initiatives of the global countries and related institutions to protect the rights, complaints and compensation, which are all of great significance to the marine environmental protection and the construction of the community of human destiny.