恢复性司法理念开启了在犯罪防控视角下对被害人谅解从宽问题的思考,并在其原理 上限定了被害人谅解从宽所能适用的范围. 规范研究在这一问题上仍然处于一种自说自 话的状态,从司法实践中汲取经验以印证、反哺规范研究,显然是更有效的审思路径. 通过对盗窃罪、故意伤害罪、交通肇事罪样本的科学选取和分析,不难发现司法实践在 被害人谅解从宽这一犯罪控制策略的既有经验和操作机制,它们并非规范研究逻辑推演 的产物,但无疑更为符合被害人谅解作为一种社会治理机制的特点,也可为精细而科学 的制度设计提供更为直接的参考. 从盗窃罪的样本分析中可以看出,司法实践中的集体 经验理性对于盗窃罪中的被害人谅解情节予以了比“量刑指导意见”幅度更大的从宽处 理;从故意伤害罪样本的样本分析中可以看出,行为人罪行轻重明显关系到被害人态度 对量刑的影响程度;从交通肇事罪的样本分析中可以看出,对于一些罪名而言缓刑的适 用与否对被害人谅解这一情节具有着高度敏感性. 正视这些司法实践中的集体经验,才 能够更为有的放矢地将恢复性司法理念予以现实化.
The concept of restorative justice has triggered the consideration of the issue of the leniency of victim's forgiveness from the perspective of crime prevention and control and has limited the range of application of it based on its principle. Normative researches on the leniency of victim's forgiveness are still being in a state of self-talking, and thus gaining experience from judicial practice to confirming and nurturing the normative researches is obviously a more effective way to ponder. Through the scientific selection and analysis of the samples of larceny, mayhem, and crime of causing traffic casualties, it is not hard to find the existing experience and operational mechanism of the strategies of controlling crime that is called leniency of victim's forgiveness in judicatory practice is not the production of normative research logic but is undoubtedly more accord with the peculiarity of victim forgiveness as a social governance mechanism and provides a direct reference for designing an elaborate and scientific system. From the sample analysis of larceny, collective empirical rationality in judicatory practice was given a more lenient treatment than the “Sentencing Guidelines” for the victim's forgiveness in it. From the sample analysis of mayhem, the severity of the crime of the perpetrator obviously related to the incidence of the victim's attitude on sentencing. From the sample analysis of the crime causing traffic casualties, whether the probation was suitable for some crimes was highly sensitive to the circumstances of the victim's forgiveness. Envisaging these collective experiences in judicatory practice, thus can the concept of restorative justice be realized more purposefully.