The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness factors and performance of each event in middle school male short distance athletes. The study included 26 male short distance athletes in Gyeonggi province during 2019. Pearson r correlation and stepwise multiple regression was used to analyze the data. As a result, 100m records had association with grip strength(p = .000), back strength(p = .000), push-ups(p = .000), sit-ups(p = .001), long jump(p = .000), sargent(p = .000), peak power(p = .000), mean power(p = .000), peak torque of left knee extensor(p = .002), peak torque of left knee flexor(p = .004), peak torque of right knee flexor(p = .001), bilateral balance of knee extensor(p = .000). 200m records had association with grip strength(p = .000), back strength(p = .000), push-ups(p = .001), sit-ups(p = .010), long jump(p = .000), sargent(p = .000), peak power(p = .000), mean power(p = .001), peak torque of left knee extensor(p = .007), peak torque of left knee flexor(p = .021), peak torque of right knee flexor(p = .002), bilateral balance of knee extensor(p = .001). Also, peak power(p = .000) and sargent(p = .000) were the effective factors on 100m records, Long jump(p = .000), bilateral balance of knee flexor(p = .001), and mean power(p = .001) were the effective factors on 200m records. As different fitness factors were related to performance of each event, scientific training should be applied according to the event and fitness component.