2019年末爆发的新型冠状病毒事件,使人们对突发公共卫生事件的预 警制度产生了热议.要从风险规制的角度看待这一制度,有必要重温风险 规制的流程以及该流程中对民主和科学的安排,并回顾我国突发公共卫 生事件预警的制度内容.在此基础上,结合武汉疫情的早期预防的事实, 发现预警制度在风险识别阶段中其风险信息交流存在政府与公众缺乏互 动、交流形式多样化不足;在风险评估阶段专家及专业机构的独立性和 科学性缺乏保障;预警的发布阶段缺乏效果评价的机制等问题。着眼于 未来,在风险识别阶段最好能够设计行政机关与公众的风险交流的互动 机制,引入多样化的信息交流途径,扩大信息收集的范围,克服疫情信 息报告中的不报、瞒报、迟报等问题.在风险评估阶段要保障专家和专业 机构的相对独立性,赋予其早期警示的权力和评估信息公开的义务.最 后,建设预警发布的评价机制,使预警的正确经验能够较好的积累,预 警的偏差能够及时的纠正.
The outbreak of novel coronavirus in 2019 has caused a heated debate on the public health emergency warning system. To view this system from the perspective of risk regulation, it is necessary to review the process of it and the democratic and scientific arrangements in the process, and review the content of early warning system of public health emergencies in China. On this basis, combined with the fact of early prevention of the epidemic in Wuhan, it is found that in the risk identification stage, the risk information exchange of the early warning system is lack of interaction between the government and the public, and the communication forms are not diversified; in the risk assessment stage, the independence and scientificity of experts and professional institutions are not be guaranteed; and the effect evaluation mechanism is lack in the release stage of early warning. With a view to the future, in the risk identification stage, it is better to design an interactive mechanism of risk communication between the administrative authorities and the public, introduce diversified information exchange channels, expand the scope of information collection, and overcome the problems of non reporting, concealment and delayed reporting in the reporting of epidemic information. In the stage of risk assessment, it is necessary to guarantee the relative independence of experts and professional institutions, endow them with the power of early warning and the obligation of disclosure of assessment information. Finally, build the evaluation mechanism of early warning release, so that the correct experience of early warning can be better accumulated, and the deviation of early warning can be corrected in time.