信托制度早在十九世纪后期以前便已为所有的英美法系国家与地区所 确立. 自二十世纪二十年代起至今这一制度也已为若干大陆法系国家与地 区所确立. 就这些大陆法系国家与地区的信托立法而言,其在模式与内容 两方面同英美信托立法相比较均显得极具特色. 信托独特的制度构造和功 能与中国当代社会对于财产管理及长期融资方面的需求之间已经存在一 定的契合基础. 信托制度的基础功能在于财产转移与财产管理,由此衍生 资金融通、资本积聚和社会福利等方面的功能. 我国已经进入了实物经 济、知识产权经济、金融经济交织的时代,现代社会的发展远远超出原 有物权法调整的范畴,因此我国的财产法体系应与我国经济发展的实际 相匹配. 本文通过实证的方式窥得因传统物债二分体系的局限性而导致司 法实践中对信托受益权的定性无所适从. 中国信托立法有关财产权分类及 信托业管制的规定存在一定的缺陷. 隐藏在这些缺陷背后的是我国传统民 法物债二分观念与信托这一新兴财产权制度之间的冲突. 不能积极协调甚 或漠视此等制度冲突,不仅不利于法制的统一,同时亦难免消解信托制度自 身的积极功能. 信托财产权是由委托人监督权、受托人管理权、受益人受 益权组成的权利束而属于无形财产的范畴,是具有绝对权性质的无形财 产权. 我国民法典应在民法总则中对民事权利做出原则性规定,信托财产 权当然为其所列举民事权利的一份子.
The trust system was established by all common Law system and regions as early as the late 19th century. Since the 1920s, this system has also been established by a number of continental law countries and regions. In terms of the trust legislation of these continental law countries and regions, it is very distinctive compared with the British and American trust legislation in terms of both model and content. The unique system structure and function of trust have been in accordance with the needs of China's contemporary society for property management and long-term financing. Property transformation and property management are the basic function of trust which promote financing, capital accumulation and social welfare and so on. our country has entered the real economy, intellectual property and financial and economic era. The development of modern society is far beyond the category of the original property law adjustment, so our property law system should match with the actual economic development in our country. This paper makes an empirical study of the limitations of the traditional “property and obligation dichotomy system”, which leads to the disorientation of the beneficial right of trust in judicial practice. There are some defects in China's trust legislation concerning the classification of property rights and the regulation of trust industry. Behind these defects lies the conflict between the traditional concept of “property and obligation dichotomy system” in civil law and the trust system. Failure to actively coordinate or even ignore such institutional conflicts is not only detrimental to the unification of the legal system, but also inevitable to eliminate the positive functions of the trust system. The property right of trust is a kind of intangible property, which consists of the Client's right of supervision, the trustee's right of management and the beneficiary's right of interest. Chinese civil code should stipulate the principle of civil rights in the general principles of civil law.