With the change in power equipment and structure of the distribution network, the power quality problem of distribution networks has gained more and more attention from power grid companies and users. However, the distribution network has a wide range and many monitoring points, and each monitoring point has a large amount of data, which makes it difficult to achieve effective data transmission in a non-optical fiber network. In this paper, a power quality data communication framework for distribution networks is proposed, combined with optimal access, data hierarchical transmission, and edge computing, which can reduce the total amount of data transmission evidently and ensure the timely transmission of important data. The experimental application verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.