Aiming at the problems of low transmission efficiency, data inconsistency, and data security in the current ocean observation data transmission process, a blockchain-based ocean observation data transmission governance method is proposed. The blockchain is distributed storage and asymmetric encryption, traceability, anti-tampering, consensus mechanism and other characteristics are applied to the construction of data transmission standards, the control of data transmission process, and the guarantee of data security. Starting from the data transmission requirements and blockchain characteristics, this paper proposes a blockchain-based ocean observation data transmission model to build a safe, reliable, efficient and controllable data transmission system. Experiments and analysis show that this method has a significant improvement in transmission efficiency and data consistency compared to the traditional point-to-point transmission method, especially in long-chain data transmission. This method has a good application demonstration effect for the construction of a new generation of ocean observation data transmission system, and provides a reference idea.