With the continuous improvement of satellite-to-ground data transmission rate, the carrier frequency of satellite data transmission needs to use Ka band. Rain will cause serious attenuation of the satellite data transmission link in the Ka band. Therefore, rain attenuation must be considered in the implementation of satellite communication missions, and data transmission interruption can be avoided by reasonable mission planning and emergency measures. Starting from the mechanism of rain attenuation, this paper explains the impact of rainfall on satellite data transmission links, introduces the ITU-R rain attenuation prediction model, and analyzes three compensation methods: diversity technology, power control technology and adaptive technology.