At present, the electric vehicle industry is growing fast. The planning, construction and rational layout of electric vehicle charging infrastructure is particularly important. Based on this, this paper studies the charging demand of electric vehicle users in urban areas as well as the planning and layout of fast charging stations. First, this paper studies the travel model and charging demand of electric vehicles, Secondly, this paper proposes to establish a bi-level programming model considering energy storage factors for the charging station locating and sizing, and uses a combinational algorithm of the whale optimization algorithm based simulated annealing and Dijkstra algorithm to solve the planning problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed planning model is verified by planning part of City Z’s urban area.