With the development of big data, artificial intelligence, and other technologies, digitalization has become an important means for resource-based enterprises to cope with technology and market shocks. Based on social embeddedness theory and cultural capital theory, this article used the data of resource-based listed companies in China from 2014 to 2018, to explore the relationship between digitalization, cultural capital, and the productivity of resource-based enterprises. The findings show that digitalization has a significant role in promoting the productivity of resource-based enterprises, and regional cultural capital has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between digitalization and productivity. The results indicate that the higher regional cultural capital plays an important role in promoting digitalization and enhancing the productivity of resource-based enterprises, which will provide practical guidance for balancing the regional differences of resource-based enterprises' digital transformation.