Aiming at the problem of single observation station target tracking, this paper studies the single observation station target tracking algorithm based on Unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Firstly, this paper analyzes the UKF algorithm, and focuses on the implementation of UKF algorithm. On this basis, the modeling principle of single observation station target tracking is given, and the single observation station target tracking algorithm based on UKF algorithm is proposed. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out by MATLAB. The simulation results show that, compared with the extended Kalman filter algorithm, the target tracking algorithm based on UKF has higher tracking accuracy, but takes longer time.