In order to establish a reasonable epidemic prevention and control system, and improve the ability to respond to sudden epidemics, this article adopts the literature review method and the improved Delphi method to launch expert consultations involving 12 experts in disease control, medical care, and municipal management. Using expert authority as the weight to evaluate expert opinions, 4 first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicators were obtained, and an index system for evaluating the effectiveness of epidemic prevention and control was constructed. The questionnaire method and the analytic hierarchy process are used to determine the weights of indicators at all levels, establish an evaluation model, and provide solutions for resource allocation, thereby improving the ability of epidemic prevention and control.