This paper analyzes relationship between the mileage of traffic lines and domestic trade in Central China by VEC model and other econometric methods. The study shows as follows: The increase of the railway mileage in the central region, no matter in a long-term or short-term, can remarkably promote domestic trade within this region. The increase of the highway mileage in the central region has little influence on the domestic trade in a short period, but in the long run, it can significantly boost domestic trade within this region. The increase of the waterway mileage in the central region, no matter in a long-term or short-term, can negatively influence domestic trade within this region to a large extent.