The process of rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure has a distinct stage effect on economic growth, and the relationship between rationalization of industrial structure and economic growth has a strong stability. On the contrary, the process of upgrading has the same impact mechanism on economic growth. The current economic development shows that the accumulation of capital is inevitably related to economic growth to a large extent, but from the perspective of the efficiency and efficiency of economic input, there is a significant correlation between the process of economic growth and the state of industrial structure. Relatively speaking, the relationship between industrial structure rationalization and economic growth has strong stability, while advancedization shows greater uncertainty. The impact of industrial structure rationalization and upgrading on economic fluctuations is mainly reflected in unpredictable cyclical fluctuations, and their impact mechanisms are quite different. Therefore, continuously optimize the industrial structure and enhance the ability of agricultural development to implement the sustainable development strategy, so as to realize the impact on the economic growth and fluctuations of the changes in China's industrial structure.