With the country’s increasing attention to environmental pollution, environmental protection data acquisition and transmission instrument system software has been widely used, in this work, through the analysis of the national newly issued pollutant data online monitoring system data transmission standard HJ212-2017, According to Modbus-RTU protocol and TCP/Ip protocol, we design the data acquisition and transmission system of pollutants, and analyze and design the key technical difficulties in the development process of software system from the two perspectives of complex data acquisition and transmission scheduling problem and thread problem respectively.