The nonlinear behaviors in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), for instance, parameters uncertainties, chaos oscillation and disturbances can make a serious menace to the system stability and even deteriorate system performance. The analog circuit of PMSM is constructed, which provides a basic theoretical basis for the construction of its actual circuit. To handle these nonlinear behaviors, an adaptive prescribed performance backstepping controller integrated with the hyperbolic tangent tracking differentiator (HTTD), radial basis function (RBF) neural network, Nussbaum function and prescribed performance function (PPF) is designed. The stability analysis fully proves that all signals of the PMSM system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the designed controller.