In order to fully tap into the potential of flexible and adjustable load resources in central air conditioning, and achieve accurate and effective management of air conditioning loads, a resource survey was conducted for central air conditioning loads to study the adjustable load potential of different industries and air conditioning models. Based on the BP neural network model, the calculation method of central air conditioning load resources is constructed to calculate the upper and lower limits of the adjustable load of the building air conditioning, and the adjustable load coefficient of the building air conditioning system is obtained. The results show that the commercial complex has the largest load capacity and adjustable load resources, and has great adjustment potential. The adjustable load resources of office users are the smallest, but they have good adjustable ability. The adjustable load resources of users in various industries are mainly concentrated within 0–400 kW. Centrifugal units are more suitable for large buildings.