With the introduction of fractional-order theory, fractional-order circuit theory has shown great advantages in modelling and signal processing, but fractional-order circuits have not yet been deeply studied in the field of wireless power transfer. In this paper, the theory of fractional calculus is introduced firstly, and the fractional capacitance and inductance models are analyzed. On this basis, the current status of the application of fractional-order components and fractional-order circuits is reviewed. Then, the fractional-order wireless power transmission system is introduced, and the fractional-order WPT system is superior to the integer-order WPT system in terms of both fractional-order autonomous circuits and non-autonomous circuits, and finally, the development prospect of the fractional-order WPT system is outlooked.