To improve the stability and economy of traction power supply system, an optimal scheduling method of multi-energy complementary traction power supply system considering uncertainty was proposed. The photovoltaic and hydrogen energy are connected to the traction power supply system, which is helpful to solve the problem of abandoned light and complete the energy supply of the hydrogen energy railway project operation car. Firstly, a multi-energy complementary traction power supply system structure was constructed. The minimum daily operating cost of the system was taken as the objective function, and the system optimal scheduling model was established under the condition of power constraint. Finally, PV uncertainties are handled in a robust optimization manner. The results of the case analysis show that the optimal scheduling can obtain the output results under the economic optimal condition, and considering the uncertainty of the photovoltaic output can make the power of each module of the system more reasonable, which has a positive effect on reducing the operating cost and improving the operation reliability of the traction power supply system.