With the increasing frequency of data circulation and sharing in power monitoring systems, traditional network-centric protection strategies are insufficient to resist the growing risk of data leakage. This article analyzes the security risks in existing typical data circulation and sharing scenarios based on the demand for data security sharing in power monitoring systems. A data security protection technology framework covering the source layer, interaction layer, and terminal layer has been proposed from the perspectives of basic protection capabilities and key protection technologies, as well as an evaluation method for the protection technology capabilities of data circulation and sharing. This provides a reference idea for effectively enhancing the data circulation and sharing protection capabilities of power monitoring systems.