Presently, the shipping industry is grappling with challenges pertaining to the security and auditability of ship fuel consumption data. To address this issue, this study introduces a novel auditable access control solution based on blockchain technology. The core objective is to ensure the safeguarding of ship fuel consumption data’s integrity and security, while concurrently enabling authorized stakeholders to access and manage this data in alignment with regulations.The research establishes a consortium blockchain platform involving multiple parties, encompassing shipping companies and regulatory bodies. To ensure that only duly authenticated users gain access to fuel consumption data, the study devises smart contracts and employs attribute-based access control policies. Rigorous performance tests validate the system’s throughput capabilities under high-concurrency scenarios, thereby underscoring its viability in practical deployments. This groundbreaking solution introduces fresh perspectives to the domain of ship fuel consumption management. By preserving data confidentiality and integrity, and meticulously documenting and auditing access procedures, the solution effectively mitigates the risks of data leakage and unauthorized alterations. This holds paramount significance, not only for enhancing the economic and environmental endeavors of the shipping industry but also for offering a practical avenue to enhance data security and auditability within distributed applications.