The energy consumption of pure electric buses is directly affected by the bus working conditions. Evaluating the working conditions of the bus route accurately is necessary for selecting electric buses according to local conditions. A lower cost method without using professional equipment and test is needed. This study aims to build an evaluation method of local working condition of pure electric bus based on operation monitoring data. Firstly, average driving speed, number of starts and stops, passenger-carrying intensity, and ambient temperature selected as the characterization factors of bus route, and a method for constructing a working condition evaluation model of electric buses characterized by subsection combination is proposed. Then, based on the actual monitoring results of high-precision energy consumption of more than 10 bus routes in Guangzhou, the energy consumptions of electric buses in different combinations of the four characters are analyzed. The key classification thresholds of each characterization factor are decided through analysis, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method can be used to help bus companies to scientifically understand the operating environment and choose electric vehicle products fitting their own operating needs; help bus manufacturers to optimize product design in a targeted manner.