Bionic polarized light localization is derived from the navigation mechanism exploration of natural organisms, which has the advantages of autonomous anti-interference and non-accumulation of errors, and can be used as an important navigation means for long-endurance unmanned systems. Bionic polarized light positioning mainly includes the measurement of atmospheric polarization mode, the solution of the sun's position, and the solution of the carrier's longitude and latitude. According to the solution logic, this paper details the research situation and basic principles of each step, and finally analyzes the key problems of bionic polarized light positioning research.