In order to improve the robustness and tracking accuracy of the galvanometer (galvo) system, a sliding mode control strategy based on an improved extended state observer (ESO) is proposed. First, combining the sliding mode variable structure control theory, a new type of optimal control function is designed to replace the nonlinear function in the traditional ESO, and the structure of the traditional ESO is optimized. At the same time, fuzzy control is used to track and compensate the time-varying total disturbance in real time. This improves the observation accuracy of the observer and simplifies the parameter tuning process. Finally, through simulation and comparison, the proposed control scheme is verified. The results show that the control strategy effectively improves the tracking accuracy of thegalvo system and has better anti-interference ability. This is the paper style requirement for the Chinese Control and Decision Conference. The writers of papers should and must provide normalized electronic documents in order for readers to search and read papers conveniently.