In this paper, we introduce a finite Lie conformal superalgebra called the Heisenberg-Virasoro Lie conformal superalgebra $\mathfrak{s}$ by using a class of Heisenberg-Virasoro Lie conformal modules. The super Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra of Ramond type $\S$ is defined by the formal distribution Lie superalgebra of $\mathfrak{s}$. Then we construct a class of simple $\S$-modules, which are induced from simple modules of some finite dimensional solvable Lie superalgebras. These modules are isomorphic to simple restricted $\S$-modules, and include the highest weight modules, Whittaker modules and high order Whittaker modules. As a byproduct, we present a subalgebra of $\S$, which is isomorphic to the super Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra of Neveu-Schwarz type.