BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to present results of patients who have undergone renal transplantation concurrent with bilateral or unilateral native nephrectomy, with a special focus on polycystic kidney disease (PKD). MATERIAL AND METHODS We presented the outcome of renal transplantation patients who have undergone native nephrectomy unilaterally (n=38) and bilaterally (n=125) and compared the results of patients with PKD and other nephrectomy indications. RESULTS Overall graft survival in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th years were 93%, 90%, and 89%, respectively, in transplantation with concomitant nephrectomy patients. Overall patient survival in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th years were 97%, 94%, and 94%, respectively. Overall surgical complications rate was 17.7% and medical complication rate was 19%. Patients with PKD had more frequent complications. CONCLUSIONS Despite additional surgery, the long-term results of patients with complications were not affected negatively by early diagnosis and treatment. We believe that native nephrectomy concurrent with transplantation can be successfully performed when indicated in selected patients at experienced centers.