Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Search strategy for studies on long-term effects of tourniquet use in total knee arthroplasty. Appendix 2. Population demographics of studies included in the systematic review on long-term complications of tourniquet use. Appendix 3. Quality assessment of RCTs using Risk of Bias Assessment tool for review assessing the long-term effects of tourniquet use in TKA. Appendix 4. Quality assessment of cohort studies using Newcastle-Ottawa scale for review assessing the long-term effects of tourniquet use in TKA.