If to compare with the abundant literature available on the development of reading and writing, especially in English speaking population, the literature on research evidence of reading and writing in Lithuanian is still sparse. The strong negative influence on Lithuanian research had Soviet occupation. It destroyed the development of Lithuanian psychological and psycholinguistic research as Soviet ideology tried to create a so-called “fusion of nations and languages” and “scientifically” justify Russification in Lithuania. Thus, any attempt to introduce national languages as objects of study in psychology and psycholinguistic was treated as an example of ideologically corrupted “nationalist bourgeoisie research”. In Soviet period, there were no research papers on the theoretical models of the development of reading and writing skills in Lithuanian language, no research dealing with the topics on teaching reading and writing skills, no development of psychological assessment tools and no empirical research. After the restoration of Independence in 1990, the several papers and empirical research tried to tackle these problems, but the field still lacks critical mass of research to start productive discussion.