Enhanced atomization performance is vital for gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines to meet stringent legislative requirements. Droplets are subjected to breakup by competition of the stabilizing and disturbing effects. The dimensionless analysis was adopted in the present paper to account for the competition mechanism of liquid jet stability, aerodynamic and internal flow effects. Diffused Back Illumination (DBI) imaging and Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) were performed to capture macroscopic and microscopic characteristics issued from a counterbore-type injector suggested by Engine Combustion Network (ECN). Seven different fuels were tested at low-temperature conditions, and distinct spray characteristics dominated by breakup regime were observed, showing high sensitivity to fuel properties. The aerodynamic effects on normalized penetration were varied with the breakup regime, and the stabilizing effect diminished with the increment of fuel temperature. The dominant force of breakup varied with the ambient pressure, resulting in non-monotonous variations of spray angle with the increase in ambient pressure. Dimensionless correlations for spray dispersion under various temperature–pressure conditions were yielded, serving as a supplement for better utilization of the injection strategy to achieve emission standards.