A new coordination compound, [Pb(phen)(NO3)3(H2O)]n(1), has been synthesized by the reaction of Pb(NO3)2 with phenanthroline (phen) in water. The complex was crystallized using the solution diffusion method and structurally characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. In the structure unit of the compound 1, the central Pb(II) ion is six-coordinated with two nitrogen atoms from the phen, three oxygen atoms from three nitrate groups and one oxygen atom from a water molecule. The [Pb(phen)(NO3)2(H2O)] units are linked together by O1, N3, and O3 bridge from nitrate groups, resulting in the formation of one-dimensional chain structures. It is further connected by hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions formed a complicated supramolecular compound. In addition, the spectral properties and TG analyses for the compound 1 are also discussed The IR, UV-Vis spectra of the title compound as well as its thermodecomposition behavior were also discussed in detail in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]