Improving the tribological properties of Al2O3-based ceramics has always been a research focus. Herein, the biomimetic leaf vein micro-textures were fabricated on the surface of Al2O3/TiC ceramics by laser surface texturing technology. Subsequently, Bi2S3/MoS2 composite coatings with different contents were deposited on the biomimetic surface by electrohydrodynamic atomization. The effect of the contents of Bi2S3 and MoS2 on the tribological properties of the composite coating under dry friction conditions was investigated, and the mechanism was analyzed. The synergistic tribological properties of textured surfaces and Bi2S3/MoS2 composite coatings under dry friction conditions were investigated, and the mechanism was analyzed. The results showed that the biomimetic texture can significantly improve the wettability of the substrate surface, thereby improving the bond strength of the coating. It has a significant effect on the tribological properties of the deposited coatings. For different contents of Bi2S3/MoS2 composite coatings, the composite coatings deposited with MoS2 content of 60 wt% have the lowest friction coefficient of ~ 0.17. The coating has the lowest wear rate ~ 8.24 × 10− 4 mm3/Nm when the content of Bi2S3 reaches 80 wt%. The friction behaviour showed that MoS2 and Bi2S3 each play a different positive role, with MoS2 reducing friction by forming a friction transfer film on the surface of the grinding ball, and Bi2S3 reducing wear by increasing the density and reducing the porosity of the coating. It is suggested that the application of Bi2S3/MoS2 composite coatings on Al2O3-based ceramics can be broadened by controlling the ratio of Bi2S3 and MoS2 to meet the different frictional requirements of the composite coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]