Context: Sperm storage is a complex and highly coordinated process that is regulated by a variety of factors. The BCL 2 protein family plays a key role in regulating apoptosis, and determines sperm survival. Aims: The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between sperm storage and the BCL 2 protein family in the oviduct of Mauremys reevesii. Methods: Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) techniques were used to investigate three parts of the reproductive tract (isthmus, uterus and vagina) of mated and unmated female M. reevesii. Key results: Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed many sperm stored in the oviduct. IHC showed positive immunostaining for the BCL 2 and BAX proteins in epithelial ciliated and glandular cells. RT-qPCR indicated that the mRNA expressions of anti-apoptotic genes (BCL 2 , MCL 1 , BCL - W , BCL-XL) and the androgen receptor (AR) were significantly higher in mated turtles than unmated turtles. However, the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BAX , BAD , BID and CASPASE 3) showed the opposite relationship. Conclusions: These results suggest that sperm entering the oviduct can promote the synthesis of anti-apoptotic genes to protect themselves from various degradation factors. Implications: These findings will help researchers understand the mechanisms of sperm storage. Why do so many species have the ability to store sperm in the female reproductive tract? Sperm storage increases the chance of fertilisation in species with limited breeding opportunity. This research found androgens in the female reproductive tract of Mauremys reevesii can prolong long-term sperm storage by promoting the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Therefore, this study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of sperm storage and provides scientific guidance for artificial reproduction in turtles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]