Background: Sleeping sickness, or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), is transmitted by tsetse flies in endemic foci in sub-Saharan Africa. Because of international travel and population movements, cases are also occasionally diagnosed in non-endemic countries. Methodology/Principal findings: Antitrypanosomal medicines to treat the disease are available gratis through the World Health Organization (WHO) thanks to a public-private partnership, and exclusive distribution of the majority of them enables WHO to gather information on all exported cases. Data collected by WHO are complemented by case reports and scientific publications. During 2011–2020, 49 cases of HAT were diagnosed in 16 non-endemic countries across five continents: 35 cases were caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, mainly in tourists visiting wildlife areas in eastern and southern Africa, and 14 cases were due to T. b. gambiense, mainly in African migrants originating from or visiting endemic areas in western and central Africa. Conclusions/Significance: HAT diagnosis in non-endemic countries is rare and can be challenging, but alertness and surveillance must be maintained to contribute to WHO's elimination goals. Early detection is particularly important as it considerably improves the prognosis. Author summary: Human African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a parasitic disease transmitted by tsetse flies. The infection can be contracted in several endemic areas in sub-Saharan Africa and, unless correctly diagnosed and properly treated, the disease is usually fatal. While the vast majority of cases of sleeping sickness are detected in endemic countries, a few are diagnosed in non-endemic ones, notably in travellers or migrants who have visited or resided in the transmission areas. An accurate and early diagnosis of these exported cases is crucial to improve their prognosis. In this study we reviewed cases of trypanosomiasis detected in non-endemic countries in 2011–2020. The data were gathered by the World Health Organization (WHO) thanks to its exclusive distribution of antitrypanosomal medicines. A total of 49 exported cases of sleeping sickness were detected in the 10 years we studied. Half of them were diagnosed in Europe, 22% in South Africa—a non-endemic country, 14% in North America and 12% in Asia. Only one case was detected in South America. Despite its rarity, travel medicine must maintain alertness on this disease, especially in patients with a history of exposure in endemic areas, with febrile and neuro-psychiatric syndromes and without a clear alternate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]